SS World History - Unit 31: The Liberation of Africa

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The Liberation of Africa

Unit Overview

As with other regions of the world, the twentieth century brought resentment of colonialism and a spirit of nationalism to Africa. In 1950, there were only four independent countries on the African continent, but virtually every nation in Africa had achieved self-rule by 1970. Although they rejoiced in their freedom, the new governments encountered serious economic, social and political problems. Let’s see how it all happened.

Complete the activity below.

Section A Questions

Use the information from Quizlet to answer the following questions:

1) Negritude is best described as which of the following:

A) A type of self-rule

B) A form of genocide

C) A pandemic

D) An African literary movement

Correct!

2) The Democratic Republic of the Congo was once a colony of which of the following:

A) Belgium

B) France

C) Great Britain

D) Spain

Correct!

3) Which of the following countries was governed by a series of cruel dictators after gaining its independence:

A) Kenya

B) Uganda

C) Samolia

D) Democratic Republic of the Congo

Correct!

4) A cash crop is produced to be used by its owner.

True

False

Correct!

5) Which of the following terms refers to an extreme shortage of food:

A) Sociology

B) Drought

C) Famine

D) Self-rule

Correct!

Section B Questions

Use the information found in The Rise of African Nationalism to answer the following questions:

6) Choose three outcomes that resulted from European imperialism in Africa.

A) Farmers grew cash crops rather than staples for their families.
B) Dependency on foreign imports increased.
C) Food shortages and famines were common.
D) Africans became increasingly self-sufficient.
E) The standard of living improved for native people.

Correct!

b and c are correct

7) Africans who returned to the continent after being educated in the West were usually considered less qualified for professional jobs than their European counterparts.

True

False

Correct!

8) In many African nations, protests became ___________ in the early 1900s.

Incorrect

9) Which of the following did not result from the Pan-African Conference in 1919:

A) Delegates from Africa, the United States and the West Indies collaborated.

B) The group wrote a charter promoting African rights.

C) The West responded by granting self-rule to Africans.

D) W.E.B. DuBois was credited with organizing the meeting.

Correct!

10) The recommendations of the Pan-African Conference were ignored by the European colonial powers.

True

False

Incorrect

11) Which of the following topics would an author of the Negritude movement be the most likely to address:

A) The benefits of colonialism

B) The importance of free elections

C) The positive impact of technology in Africa

D) The beauty of Africa

Correct!

Section C Questions

Use the information in The Legacy of Colonialism to answer the following questions:

12) European efforts to improve African infrastructure were designed to meet which of the following goals:

A) To improve the African standard of living

B) To increase profits

C) To end food shortages

D) To limit imports

Correct!

13) Once African colonies achieved independence, which of the following was true concerning trade:

A) Most countries had a positive trade balance.

B) Most countries had a negative trade balance.

C) Most countries maintained an equal balance between exports and imports.

D) Trade ceased to exist.

Correct!

14) The colonial powers drew borders on the African continent based on which of the following:

Correct!

15) After declaring their independence, most African countries chose not to draw new borders. This resulted in which of the following:

A) Violence and unrest

B) Economic growth

C) Fewer ethnic conflicts

D) Mass migrations

Correct!

16) In 1965, over 80% of Africans were unable to read or write. How did this affect the creation of stable governments in Africa?

A) It made it easier to establish stable governments.

B) It made it harder to establish stable governments.

C) It had no effect.

Correct!

Section D Questions

Use the information in Africa and the Cold War along to answer the following questions:

17) Because the United States and the Soviet Union supplied weapons to African nations, these countries often used which of the following methods to solve problems and disuputes:

A ) Diplomacy

B) Military conflicts

C) Compromise

D) The United Nations

Correct!

18) Interference by the superpowers contributed to the overall stability of African governments.

True

False

Incorrect

19) What efffect did the interference of the superpowers have on the war between Somalia and Ethiopia?

A) Their interference prolonged the war.

B) Their interference shortened the war.

C) Their interference ended the war.

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20) Angola was once a colony of which of the following:

A) Great Britain

B) France

C) Portugal

D) Belgium

Correct!

21) Angola quickly established a stable government when the United States and the Soviet Union ended the Cold War.

True

False

Incorrect

22) Which of the following are currently Angola's most important exports:

A) Tea and coffee

B) Oil and diamonds

C) Trucks and cars

D) Weapons and industrial equipment

Correct!

Section E Questions

Use the information in The Impact of Independence to answer the following questions:

23) Which of the following was not true concerning Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership in Kenya:

A) He involved leaders from rival groups in the process of governing.

B) He worked to form a national consciousness.

C) He ordered the deportation of British citizens.

D) He adopted an all-inclusive philosophy.

Correct!

24) Unlike many other African nations, Kenya was able to avoid eruptions of prolonged violence. List two advantages the resulted from this lack of unrest.

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Incorrect

25) Which of the following was not true of the Congo:

A) Patrice Lumumba became the country’s first prime minister.

B) It was once a colonial possession of Belgium.

C) It was formerly called Zaire.

D) Joseph Mobutu’s regime called for democratic reforms.

Correct!

26) Control of the Katanga province essential to the economy of the Congo because the country's copper mines were located here.

True

False

Incorrect

27) Idi Amin has been labeled as one of Africa’s cruelest dictators. List two reasons for this.

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Correct!

28) The removal of Idi Amin from power ended acts of genocide in Uganda.

True

False

Correct!

Section F Questions

Use the information in Old and New Issues to answer the following questions:

29) Which of the following best accounts for the increase in Africa’s population:

A) An increase in life expectancy and birth rates

B) High birth rates and stable life expectancy

C) A balance between life expectancy and birth rates

D) A decrease in life expectancy but a major increase in birth rates

Correct!

30) By 2035, Africa will account for what percentage of the world's population?

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31) In recent decades, Africa’s population had become increasingly rural.

True

False

Correct!

32) Choose one of the following activities below and complete a time log.

Activity 1: Timeline Creation

Provide students with a list of significant events related to African colonialism and the rise of independence movements (e.g., the Pan-African Congress, key leaders like Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Dubois).
Ask students to create a timeline on paper, marking the events with dates and brief descriptions (2-3 sentences each).
Students can illustrate their timelines with drawings or symbols that represent each event.

Activity 2: Compare and Contrast Chart

Have students create a two-column chart on paper. Label one column "Colonial Rule" and the other "Post-Independence."
Instruct them to list at least five aspects of life under colonial rule (e.g., land loss, forced labor, limited rights) and five aspects of life after independence (e.g., new governments, civil unrest, economic challenges).
Encourage them to think critically about how colonialism affected various aspects of life in Africa and how independence changed those aspects.

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