MATH Integrated Math I  - Unit 14: Counting and Probability
Some of the questions in this unit may be answered by recording an audio file. If you chose to record the answer, click on the Add Recording button and follow the on-screen instructions closely. Once you have completed and attached the recording, enter the word “COMPLETE” in the text box. (Note: If your computer does not have a built-in microphone, a microphone or microphone/headset combination is needed to record audio.)

Fundamental Counting Principle

1) Patrick's Restaurant is selling sundaes in small and large cups. Each size is available with two different flavors of ice cream: vanilla or chocolate. There are also two different toppings for the sundaes: fudge or caramel. Use the tree diagram to answer the following question: How many different ways can a sundae be ordered at Patrick's Restaurant?

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2) Mrs. Murphy is planning a graduation party for her daughter. She plans to select a meal that includes one main dish, one carbohydrate, and one vegetable from the following list of choices. How many different meals can Mrs. Murphy select?

3) A combination lock has 40 numbers on its dial. To open the lock, turn the dial right to the first number, left to the second number, and then right to the third number. What is the number of different combinations?

Refer to the following scenario to answer the next two questions: On Friday, February 20, 2004, the Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles (BMV) unveiled a license plate that included three letter and four number combinations. All license plates are equally likely.

4) What is the number of possible license plates?

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5) What is the number of possible license plates that do not contain a “B” or a “D”?

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6) Jackie is ordering a new computer and must choose an operating system, the amount of memory, and the size of the hard drive. Jackie has narrowed her preferences to the ones listed in the table.  How many possible computer systems are available to Jackie?

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Permutations and Combinations

7) Yummy's sells sundaes that can be made with nine different toppings, three flavors of ice cream, and with or without nuts. How many different choices of sundaes are available?

8) Take the letters “A, B, C, D, E, and F” and find all two-letter arrangements. An arrangement like “AB” is a different arrangement than “BA”. Do not use a letter twice in the same arrangement like “AA”. List all the arrangements. There are how many possible two-letter arrangements?

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9) In the previous problem, order IS important. This is an example of what type of problem?

10) Take the letters “A, B, C, D, E, and F” and find all two-letter arrangements. The order in which the letters occur does not matter so arrangements such as “AB” and “BA” would count as the same arrangement. Do not use a letter twice in the same arrangement like “AA”. List all the arrangements. There are how many possible two-letter arrangements?

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11) In the previous problem, order IS NOT important. This is an example of what type of problem?

12) Evaluate the factorial.

13) How many ways can a chairperson and a vice-chairperson be selected from a group of six people? Find the PERMUTATION of six (6) objects taken two (2) at a time. 

14) How many two-person committees can be chosen from a group of six people? Find the COMBINATION of six (6) objects taken two (2) at a time. 

15) Find the permutation of 8 items taken 4 at a time.

16) Find the combination of 7 items taken 2 at a time.     

17) How many ways can the letters in the word "MATH" be arranged? State the letter of the correct answer.

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Refer to the following four cases to answer the next two questions: Case 1: A teen wins five CDs that are randomly selected from a group of twenty CDs.
Case 2: Twenty people are in line to be assigned seats at a movie theater.
Case 3: A coach randomly selects a team of 8 players from 12 players.
Case 4: Eight (8) runners finish a race in a specified order.

18) Which two cases represent a permutation?

19) Which two cases represent a combination?

20) Find the number of line segments that can be drawn between the vertices of the octagon. The segments may cross over other segments. Draw and count all of the segments.  This problem can also be solved as either a permutation or combination. (a) How many segments can be drawn?  (b)  Is this a permuation or a combination problem and why?

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21) How many ways can a baseball coach arrange the lineup of the first, second, and third batters when randomly choosing from a team of 12 players?

22) How many different ways can four (4) people be seated in a row on a bench that seats four (4)?

23) There are twenty dogs in the “Top Dog Show”. Three of the dogs will be chosen as finalists for top honors. There are how many possible ways for a dog to be selected as a finalist?

24) To open your garage door, you must enter a 4-dgit code in the keypad. You remember that the digits are 2, 4, 5, and 7; but, you cannot remember the sequence. How many different ways can the numbers be arranged?

Odds

25) The given ratio represents:

26) The given ratio represents:

For the next four questions, refer to the spinner to find the odds of each outcome. Click to see the spinner in a pop-up window.

27) What are the odds IN FAVOR of spinning a multiple of four (4)?

28) What are the odds IN FAVOR of spinning an even number?

29) What are the odds AGAINST spinning a number greater than seven (7)?

30) What are the odds AGAINST spinning a five (5) or a ten (10)?

31) What are the odds IN FAVOR of spinning an eleven (11)?

Each letter in the word "MATHEMATICAL" is written on a slip of paper and placed in a jar. A letter is chosen at random from the jar. For the next two questions, find the odds in favor or against.

32) What are the odds IN FAVOR of choosing an M or a T?

33) What are the odds AGAINST choosing a C or an L?

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