MATHCP Geometry  - Unit 16: Ratio, Proportion, and Similar Figures
Ratios and Proportions

For the first four problems, complete the statement by filling in the blanks.

1) A ratio is a __________ of two quantities.

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2) A unit ratio is a ratio simplified to a denominator of __________.

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3) A proportion is an equation which states that two ratios are __________.

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4) Equality of Cross Products:

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5) Simplify each of the ratios:

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6) A scale model of a car has a length of 6 3/4 INCHES. The actual length of the car is 15 FEET. Comparing both measures in inches, what is the ratio of the scale length to the actual length? (Hint: 1 foot = 12 inches)

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7) On a map, three (3) inches represent 225 miles. What is the ratio of “miles to 1 inch” (a unit ratio)?

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For the next four problems, solve the proportions.

8) Solve for “x”.

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9) Solve for “x”.

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10) Solve for “x”.

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11) Solve for “x”.

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12) Solve the proportion for “y”. State the letter of the correct answer.

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13) Three angles are complementary. The ratio of their measures is 2:3:5. Find the measure of each angle.

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14) A board, 8 feet in length, is divided into two (2) boards that are cut into the ratio of 2:3. What is the length of each board?

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15) In a sampling taken at the local factory, three (3) out of every 100 CD players were defective. Based on the sample, approximately how many CD players may be defective in a shipment of 1920 CD players? Write a proportion that could be used to solve the problem, and then state the answer.

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The chart below provided conversion rates for currency throughout the world for the given date and time displayed. The chart is based on unit rates. To read the chart, find the currency that you may have in hand and the currency for which you want to exchange. For example, to exchange 200 Swiss Francs to Euro Dollars, look across the “1 Swiss Franc” row and stop in the “Euro” column, and then multiply 200 x 0.6603 to get 132.06 Euro Dollars. Use the chart to answer the next four problems. Note: All questions refer to the currency exchange rates on the date, November 22, 2004 at 7:29 am unless otherwise specified.

16) Answer the following questions: (a) What was the ratio of 1 US dollar to the Japanese Yen? (b) What was the ratio of 1 US dollar to the Euro dollar?

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17) Five hundred US dollars would have exchanged to how many AU $ (Australian dollars)?

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18) Three hundred AU $ would have exchanged to how many Yen?

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Activity: Browse to the Internet site “http://finance.yahoo.com/currency” and find the current conversion rates of the US dollar to the Euro Dollar. If this site is unavailable, you may search to find a different “currency converter” website.

19) Answer the following questions about the previous activity: (a) State the current conversion rate of the US Dollar to the Euro Dollar. (b) One hundred US dollars ($100) equals how many Euro Dollars? (c) On November 22, 2004, at 7:29 am, one hundred US dollars ($100) equaled how many Euro Dollars? (d) Comparing the US Dollar to the Euro Dollar, how has the value of the US Dollar changed?

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Similar Polygons

For the next three problems, complete the statement by filling in the blanks.

20) Similar figures are figures that have the same shape, but are __________ in size.

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21) Similar polygons are polygons that have congruent corresponding angles and the measures of their corresponding sides are __________.

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22) The scale factor for two similar polygons is the ratio of the lengths of any two __________ sides.

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Refer to the similar quadrilaterals shown below to solve the next two problems.

23) Fill in the blanks for the following statements: (a) Angle AXY is congruent to angle _____. (b) Angle C is congruent to angle _____. (c) Angle A in quadrilateral AXYZ is congruent to angle ____ in quadrilateral ABCD.

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24) What are the missing segments for each of the proportions shown below?

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25) Refer to the diagram shown below to answer the following questions: (a) What is the value of “x”? (b) What is the value of “y”?

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In some of the following problems, you will express your answers in “radicals”. The next four problems are a review of simplifying radicals.

26) Simplify the radical.

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27) Simplify the radical.

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28) Simplify the radical.

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29) Simplify the radical.

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30) Examine the triangles shown below. (a) Are the corresponding angles of the triangles congruent? Support your answer with an explanation. (b) Are the corresponding sides proportional? Support your answer with an explanation. (c) Are the triangles similar?

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31)

Answer the following questions about the figure below: (a) What is the value of “x”? (b) What is the value of “y”? (c) What is the value of “z”? (d) What is the value of “t”?


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32) Answer the following questions about the similar quadrilaterals shown in the figure below: (a) What is the value of “x”? (b) What is the value of “y”?

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Similar Triangles

33) Fill in the blanks. Postulate 16-A (AA Similarity Postulate): If _____ angles of one triangle are congruent to _____ angles of another triangle, then the triangles are similar.

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34) Refer to the scenario below to answer the following questions: (a) Why are triangles RST and VUT similar? (b) What is the height of the tree?

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35) Write a paragraph proof to prove that triangles VWT and VUW are similar based on the information and figure shown below.

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36) Write a paragraph proof to prove that AC:RT as AB: RS based on the information and figure shown below.

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37) Fill in the blank. Theorem 16-A (SSS Similarity Theorem): If the measures of the corresponding sides of two triangles are __________, then the triangles are similar.

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38) Apply the SSS Similarity theorem and use trial and error to examine the ratios of the various sides of the triangles. (a) Which of the two triangles are similar? (b) What is the scale factor of the two similar triangles?

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39) Fill in the blank. Theorem 16-B (SAS Similarity Theorem): If the measures of two sides of a triangle are proportional to the measures of two corresponding sides of a second triangle and the __________ are congruent, then the triangles are similar.

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40) Explain through the SAS Similarity Theorem how triangles FED and HEG are similar.

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41) Refer to Theorem 16-C and select the statement below that best describes similar triangles. Make sure to read all of the statements.

Applications of Similar Figures

Consider this scenario and then answer the next three questions: A land owner wants a good approximation of the width of his stream from point D to point C. At high point B, he lays a carpenter’s square (used to make right angles) so that he can sight along BC and BA. AD = 9.3 ft and BD = 15.7 ft.

42) State the corresponding proportional sides between similar triangles ABC and ADB.

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43) Calculate the length of segment AB. Round the answer to the nearest tenth. (Hint: Use Pythagorean Theorem)

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44) Answer the following questions about the previous scenario: (a) Write an algebraic expression to represent the length from A to C. (b) Write a proportion to find the distance across the stream. (c) What is the length across the stream?

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45) Logan wants to determine the height of an electric pole in her back yard. The pole is casting a shadow of 12 feet. Her friend is five feet tall and is casting a shadow of 2 feet. Draw a picture to determine the similar triangles. (a) What is the height of the electric pole? (b) What proportion can be used to solve the problem?

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Refer to the figure below to answer the next two questions.

46) Several of the rectangles have lengths and widths that form a ratio very close to the “golden ratio” (length : width is approximately 1 : 1.618). Measure the lengths of each of the named segments in the figure. Name three rectangles that have a length-to-width ratio that approximates the “golden ratio.”

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47) Look for a pattern in the figure. To fit the pattern, where would the next rectangle be drawn? Give a specific description of its location and its appearance.

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Extended Research: Check with your instructor to see if he/she is interested in awarding extra credit to you for writing a one-page report on the following research topic: The Divine Proportion, also called the Golden Section or Golden Ratio. You may include pictures that you find. Be sure to report all websites or other resources that you referenced to compile your report.

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